历史资料：日期、报道观点、资质和数据保留原发布语境，不表示当前状态。Historical archive: dates, reported views, qualifications and figures retain their original context and do not represent current status.
近年来，平板电视技术不断发展，如3D技术让消费者可以体验前所未有的视觉盛宴，LED背光技术让面板能耗更低、更轻薄。记者通过采访，希望了解平板电视面板最新的技术趋势。Flat-panel television technology has continued to develop in recent years. For example, 3D technology lets consumers experience an unprecedented visual spectacle, while LED backlighting makes panels more energy-efficient, lighter, and thinner. Through interviews, the reporter sought to understand the latest technological trends in flat-panel TV panels.
“未来，电视机用面板显示技术将会围绕几个关键词——LED、3D、窄边框、更大更薄、高清而发展。一方面，面板厂家不断推出高阶产品，如3D、480Hz、超薄设计、UD高清(3840×2160)及直下式LED背光等;另一方面，面板技术也在往低成本方向发展，目标瞄准新兴市场。”京东方科技集团股份有限公司副总裁张宇告诉记者。'In the future, display technology for television panels will develop around several key terms: LED, 3D, narrow bezels, larger and thinner screens, and high definition. On the one hand, panel manufacturers are continuously launching advanced products, including 3D, 480 Hz, ultrathin designs, UD high definition (3840 × 2160), and direct-lit LED backlighting. On the other hand, panel technology is also developing toward lower costs, with emerging markets as the target,' Zhang Yu, vice president of BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., told the reporter.
LED背光技术LED Backlighting Technology
毫无疑问，2010年，在平板电视技术中，发展最快的莫过于LED背光技术。据奥维咨询调查资料显示，2010年初，国内大尺寸LED背光液晶电视零售量比重不足10%，至年底达到50%，已经同传统CCFL背光液晶电视分庭抗礼。这得益于LED背光液晶电视在色彩表现力、动态效果和节能环保等方面的优势，以及彩电厂商在LED背光产品上持续加大投放力度。Without question, LED backlighting was the fastest-developing flat-panel TV technology in 2010. According to survey data from AVC, LED-backlit models accounted for less than 10% of domestic large-screen LCD TV retail unit sales at the beginning of 2010, rising to 50% by the end of the year and matching traditional CCFL-backlit LCD TVs. This resulted from the advantages of LED-backlit LCD TVs in color reproduction, motion performance, energy efficiency, and environmental protection, together with TV manufacturers' continuing increases in the introduction of LED-backlit products.
在接受记者采访时，LGDisplay有关负责人表示出对高速发展的LED背光液晶电视面板产业的担忧。他认为，尽管在液晶电视上LED背光取代CCFL背光是大势所趋，然而就在大家“一窝蜂”投入这个产业时，LED背光液晶电视供应链的许多问题也暴露出来。尤其是在技术尚未完全成熟的情况下，各种LED背光液晶电视面板解决方案涌现，这使整个供应链变得更加复杂。In an interview, an LG Display representative expressed concern about the rapidly expanding LED-backlit LCD TV panel industry. In his view, although LED backlighting replacing CCFL backlighting in LCD TVs is the clear trend, many problems in the LED-backlit LCD TV supply chain have emerged as companies rush into the industry. In particular, with the technology not yet fully mature, a variety of LED-backlit LCD TV panel solutions have appeared, making the entire supply chain more complex.
2010年，在LED背光液晶电视快速发展的同时，LED背光液晶电视面板严重缺货。“这主要是由于导光板所用的PMMA和白反射膜等材料缺货所致。”京东方有关负责人表示。As LED-backlit LCD TVs developed rapidly in 2010, their panels were in severe shortage. 'This was mainly due to shortages of materials such as PMMA used in light-guide plates and white reflective film,' a BOE representative said.
不过，张兵告诉记者：“2011年LED背光液晶电视面板的供应短缺现象会有所缓解，因为从2010年第四季度开始，LED芯片产能开始释放，供货量会大幅增加。另外，导光板供应也在增加。”同时，张兵强调，2011年导光板供应量可能还会出现短时间的结构短缺，因为导光板原材料供应量仍然难以满足现有需求。未来生产厂商将在导光板厚度等方面进行优化，以节约原材料。However, Zhang Bing told the reporter, 'The shortage of LED-backlit LCD TV panels will ease in 2011, because LED chip production capacity began coming on stream in the fourth quarter of 2010 and supply will increase substantially. The supply of light-guide plates is also increasing.' At the same time, Zhang Bing stressed that brief structural shortages of light-guide plates might still occur in 2011, because supplies of the raw materials used to make them remained insufficient to meet existing demand. Manufacturers would optimize factors such as light-guide plate thickness in the future to save raw materials.
LGDisplay社长权映寿对未来LED背光液晶面板供需有自己的看法。他表示，2011年第一季度，LED背光液晶电视面板市场将出现一定程度的供过于求，但是到第二季度会供不应求，到第三季度供给缺口将达到最大。同时，有业内人士认为，液晶面板厂家深感终端LED背光液晶电视价格快速下滑带来的压力，纷纷寻求新的解决方案。结合高效的LED芯片，在LED背光液晶电视面板中的LED灯条设计由四周环绕型逐步转向双短边入光型，继而发展至单短边入光型，这使LED背光液晶电视面板总成本进一步下降，功耗持续降低。LG Display president Kwon Young-soo offered his own view of future supply and demand for LED-backlit LCD panels. He said that the LED-backlit LCD TV panel market would experience some oversupply in the first quarter of 2011, but demand would exceed supply in the second quarter and the supply gap would reach its widest point in the third quarter. Meanwhile, some industry observers believed that LCD panel manufacturers were feeling intense pressure from the rapid decline in retail prices of LED-backlit LCD TVs and were seeking new solutions. Combined with efficient LED chips, LED light-bar designs in these panels were gradually moving from illumination around all four sides to illumination from the two short edges, and then to illumination from just one short edge. This further reduced total panel costs and continued to lower power consumption.
张宇表示，目前液晶面板的产品外观设计追求更薄、更窄。市场主流LED背光液晶电视面板厚度已达10.8mm，今后9mm以下的设计令人期待，面板金属边框也会越做越窄，由当前15mm宽度降至11mm，相信更窄的边框设计不久会面市。Zhang Yu said that LCD panel exterior designs were currently pursuing thinner profiles and narrower bezels. Mainstream LED-backlit LCD TV panels had already reached a thickness of 10.8 mm, and designs below 9 mm were worth anticipating. Metal panel bezels would also become narrower, shrinking from the current 15 mm to 11 mm, with still narrower designs expected to reach the market soon.
在市场需求方面，京东方有关负责人认为，2011年，LED背光液晶电视面板的热销势头将会延续，到年底，可能会有近一半的液晶电视采用LED背光液晶面板。”权映寿也对2011年LED背光液晶电视市场需求抱以乐观态度。他说：“2010年LED背光液晶电视价格还很高。2011年价格持续下调后，LED背光液晶电视市场渗透率会加速提升，带动整体需求大幅增长。”Regarding market demand, a BOE representative believed that the strong sales momentum of LED-backlit LCD TV panels would continue in 2011, and that by year-end nearly half of all LCD TVs might use LED-backlit panels. Kwon Young-soo was also optimistic about demand in the 2011 LED-backlit LCD TV market. He said, 'Prices of LED-backlit LCD TVs were still very high in 2010. As prices continue to decline in 2011, market penetration will increase more quickly, driving substantial growth in overall demand.'
3D及其他技术3D and Other Technologies
2010年，除了LED背光技术，平板电视市场的另一个热点就是眼镜式3D电视。张兵表示，2010年，3D面板出货量达到300万台。LGDisplay预测，2011年3D电视出货量为1800万台，而2014年将达9100万台，这会带动3D面板行业快速发展。Besides LED backlighting, another hot topic in the 2010 flat-panel TV market was 3D television requiring glasses. Zhang Bing said that shipments of 3D panels reached 3 million units in 2010. LG Display forecast 3D TV shipments of 18 million units in 2011 and 91 million in 2014, which would drive rapid development of the 3D panel industry.
目前，LGDisplay积极推广新型偏振式3D液晶面板，并预计推出全系列32~55英寸的产品，扩大市场占有率。友达光电也在开发32~65英寸的偏振式3D液晶面板。此外，其他面板厂家则大多专注于快门式3D技术的发展，例如三星、夏普、松下和新奇美。值得一提的是，为了开拓低端3D电视市场，新奇美重点推广120Hz的3D液晶面板。LG Display was actively promoting a new type of polarized 3D LCD panel and expected to introduce a full range of 32- to 55-inch products to increase its market share. AU Optronics was also developing polarized 3D LCD panels from 32 to 65 inches. Most other panel manufacturers, including Samsung, Sharp, Panasonic, and Chimei Innolux, were concentrating on shutter-based 3D technology. Notably, Chimei Innolux was focusing on promoting 120 Hz 3D LCD panels to develop the low-end 3D TV market.
张兵认为，未来偏振式3D液晶面板的市场份额将有所增加。另外，对于目前节目源匮乏影响3D电视销售的观点，张兵并不同意。他说：“全高清电视几年前就在中国市场推广普及，但至今消费者也收看不到全高清电视节目。所以，制约3D电视发展更多的是产品售价因素，只要3D电视价格仅比普通电视高30%，这个市场就会启动。”Zhang Bing believed that polarized 3D LCD panels would gain market share in the future. He also disagreed with the view that a lack of program content was currently affecting 3D TV sales. 'Full HD televisions began to be widely promoted in the Chinese market several years ago, but consumers still cannot watch full HD television programs,' he said. 'The greater constraint on 3D TV development is therefore the selling price. Once 3D televisions cost only 30% more than ordinary televisions, this market will take off.'
张宇也表示，虽然3D电视市场的普及还存在一些问题，但是，相信在不久的将来，搭载3D功能将成为电视机的标准配置。“京东方也在积极规划和开发3D面板，从眼镜式到裸眼式，目前已经取得显著成果。未来眼镜式和裸眼式两种3D面板将展开激烈角逐，而高开口率、动态扫描背光源等面板技术的应用，使得眼镜式3D液晶电视的亮度、串扰现象得以改善。另外，眼镜式3D面板不会是3D面板的最终形态，在未来，3D面板将摆脱眼镜的限制，观众不用佩戴眼镜也能够观看到逼真的3D影像。”Zhang Yu also said that although some obstacles remained to widespread adoption of 3D TVs, he believed that 3D capability would become a standard television feature in the near future. 'BOE is also actively planning and developing 3D panels, ranging from glasses-based to glasses-free types, and has already achieved significant results. In the future, these two types of 3D panels will compete intensely. Panel technologies such as high aperture ratios and dynamically scanning backlights are improving brightness and crosstalk in glasses-based 3D LCD TVs. Moreover, panels requiring glasses will not be the final form of 3D panels. Future 3D panels will overcome the limitations of glasses, allowing viewers to see lifelike 3D images without wearing them.'
此外，友达光电倡导的21∶9液晶面板也越来越受业界关注。这种电视机用面板模拟了电影院的播放屏幕，能够实现真正的影院效果。同时，随着智能电视的发展，21∶9液晶面板将为智能电视提供一个更加完美的显示平面。在21∶9的比例下，智能电视既能保证16∶9的普通电视机显示效果，同时还能多出一部分显示用于其他智能功能。In addition, the 21:9 LCD panels championed by AU Optronics were attracting increasing attention within the industry. These television panels emulate cinema screens and can deliver a true cinematic effect. Meanwhile, as smart TVs develop, 21:9 LCD panels will offer them a more complete display surface. With a 21:9 aspect ratio, a smart TV can preserve the normal 16:9 television image while providing additional screen space for other smart functions.
被誉为下一代显示技术的OLED已经在小尺寸产品上得以应用。不过，张宇表示，目前OLED面板在产品寿命、良品率上还存在一定问题，只能应用于替代速度快的消费电子上。另外，液晶面板在能耗、厚度等方面也在不断进步，因此，未来在大尺寸液晶面板上还有一定优势。同时，张宇还指出，由于可以把OLED技术看作是液晶面板的升级，因此，未来即使OLED技术普及，液晶面板企业只需更换35%的设备就可以转产OLED面板。（摘自《家电联盟》）OLED, hailed as the next generation of display technology, had already been applied to small-screen products. However, Zhang Yu said that OLED panels still faced problems with product lifetime and manufacturing yield and could only be used in consumer electronics that are replaced frequently. Meanwhile, LCD panels were continuing to improve in energy consumption, thickness, and other respects, and would therefore retain certain advantages in large-screen applications in the future. Zhang Yu also pointed out that because OLED technology could be regarded as an upgrade to LCD panels, even if OLED technology became widespread, LCD panel companies would need to replace only 35% of their equipment to switch to producing OLED panels. (Excerpted from Home Appliance Alliance.)