历史资料：日期、报道观点、资质和数据保留原发布语境，不表示当前状态。Historical archive: dates, reported views, qualifications and figures retain their original context and do not represent current status.
一、简介I. Introduction
ISO是一个组织的英语简称。其全称是International Organization for Standardization ,翻译成中文就是“国际标准化组织”。ISO is the English abbreviation for an organization whose full name is the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO是世界上最大的国际标准化组织。它成立于 1947年2月23日，它的前身是1928年成立的“国际标准化协会国际联合会”(简称ISA)。IEC也比较大。IEC即“国际电工委员会”，1906年在英国伦敦成立，是世界上最早的国际标准化组织。IEC主要负责电工、电子领域的标准化活动。而ISO负责除电工、电子领域之外的所有其他领域的标准化活动。ISO is the world's largest international standardization organization. It was founded on February 23, 1947, and its predecessor was the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA), established in 1928. The IEC is another major organization. The International Electrotechnical Commission was founded in London, United Kingdom, in 1906 and is the world's earliest international standardization organization. The IEC is mainly responsible for standardization in electrical and electronic fields, while ISO covers other fields.
二、ISO9000质量管理的八项原则II. The Eight Principles of ISO 9000 Quality Management
为了成功地领导和运作一个组织，需要采用一种系统和透明的方式进行管理。针对所有相关方的需求，实施并保持持续改进其业绩的管理体系，可使组织获得成功。质量管理是组织各项管理的内容之一。为促进质量目标的实现，明确了以下八项质量管理原则：Successfully leading and operating an organization requires a systematic and transparent approach to management. Implementing and maintaining a management system that continually improves performance while addressing the needs of all interested parties can help an organization succeed. Quality management is one aspect of organizational management. The following eight principles have been identified to support the achievement of quality objectives:
a）以顾客为关注焦点a) Customer focus
组织依存于其顾客，因此，组织应理解顾客当前的和未来的需求，满足顾客要求并争取超越顾客期望。Organizations depend on their customers. They should therefore understand customers' current and future needs, meet customer requirements and strive to exceed their expectations.
b）领导作用b) Leadership
领导者将本组织的宗旨、方向和内部环境统一起来，并营造使员工能够充分参与实现组织目标的环境。Leaders align the organization's purpose, direction and internal environment, and create an environment in which employees can participate fully in achieving organizational objectives.
c）全员参与c) Involvement of people
各级人员是组织之本，只有他们的充分参与，才能使他们的才干为组织带来最大的收益。People at all levels are the foundation of an organization. Their full involvement enables their abilities to deliver the greatest benefit to the organization.
d)过程方法d) Process approach
将相关的资源和活动作为过程进行管理，可以更高效地得到期望的结果。Managing related resources and activities as a process enables the desired results to be achieved more efficiently.
e)管理的系统方法e) System approach to management
针对设定的目标，识别、理解并管理一个由相互关联的过程所组成的体系，有助于提高组织的有效性和效率。Identifying, understanding and managing a system of interrelated processes in pursuit of defined objectives improves an organization's effectiveness and efficiency.
f）持续改进f) Continual improvement
持续改进是组织的一个永恒目标。Continual improvement is a permanent objective of an organization.
g）基于事实的决策方法g) Factual approach to decision-making
对数据和信息的逻辑分析或直觉判断是有效决策的基础。Logical analysis of data and information, or intuitive judgment, provides the basis for effective decisions.
h）互利的供方关系h) Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
通过互利的关系，增强组织及其供方创造价值的能力Mutually beneficial relationships enhance the ability of both an organization and its suppliers to create value.
三、企业实施ISO9000标准的意义III. Why Companies Implement ISO 9000 Standards
●为了适应国际化大趋势• To adapt to the trend toward internationalization
1)、关税壁垒打破后，我国的产品直接面临国际市场的竞争，实施ISO9000标准是为了适应全球经济一体化的需要；1) As tariff barriers fall, Chinese products face direct competition in international markets. Implementing ISO 9000 standards helps meet the needs of global economic integration.
2)、推行ISO9000系列标准是在质量管理体系方面实现与国际接轨的有效途径，并可消除国际贸易中由于质量管理体系方面要求不统一所造成的障碍；2) Implementing the ISO 9000 series is an effective way to bring quality management systems into line with international practice and remove trade barriers caused by inconsistent quality management system requirements.
3)、适应国际范围内流行的管理同化趋势。3) To adapt to the international trend toward convergence in management practices.
●为了提高企业的管理水平• To improve corporate management
1)、建立深入细致的质量体系文件系统；1) Establish a thorough and detailed quality system documentation framework.
2)、确定对各项质量活动的控制原则和控制方法；2) Define the principles and methods for controlling each quality-related activity.
3)、认真执行文件，使质量体系有效运行；3) Implement documented procedures conscientiously so that the quality system operates effectively.
4)、通过开展内部审核、管理评审、模拟审核，纠正和预防措施，持续改进、建立自我完善机制；4) Carry out internal audits, management reviews, mock audits, corrective and preventive actions, and continual improvement to establish a mechanism for self-improvement.
5)、外部质量审核和监督审核促进企业维持和改进质量体系。5) Use external quality audits and surveillance audits to encourage the maintenance and improvement of the quality system.
●为了产品质量的稳定与提高• To stabilize and improve product quality
1)、对所有影响质量的活动实施控制；1) Control all activities that affect quality.
2)、对事先充分考虑到的各种风险，采取有效的预防措施；2) Take effective preventive measures against risks that have been considered in advance.
3)、保证使用合适的设备和材料；3) Ensure that appropriate equipment and materials are used.
4)、及时针对不合格和不良趋势采取有效的纠正措施和预防措施。4) Take timely and effective corrective and preventive action in response to nonconformities and adverse trends.
●为了提高企业市场竞争力• To improve market competitiveness
1）、实施ISO9000系列标准可提供优质产品、优质服务；1) Implementing the ISO 9000 series can help deliver high-quality products and services.
2）、满足用户规定的和潜在的需要；2) Meet customers' stated and potential needs.
3）、产品生产过程质量受控，得到不断改进；3) Keep production process quality under control and continually improve it.
4）、提高企业经济运行质量，提高企业质量管理水平，增强综合实力；4) Improve the quality of business operations and quality management, and strengthen overall capabilities.
5)、努力打造业内、国内、全球知名品牌。5) Work to build a brand recognized within the industry, nationally and globally.
四、ISO9000质量管理体系的应用范围(39大类，500多小类，包含了所有行业)IV. Scope of ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems: 39 Major Categories and More Than 500 Subcategories Covering All Industries
1.农业、渔业1. Agriculture and fishing
2.采矿业及采石业2. Mining and quarrying
3.食品、饮料和烟草3. Food, beverages and tobacco
4.纺织品及纺织产品4. Textiles and textile products
5.皮革及皮革制品5. Leather and leather products
6.木材及木制品6. Wood and wood products
7.纸浆、纸及纸制品7. Pulp, paper and paper products
8.出版业8. Publishing
9.印刷业9. Printing
10.焦炭及精炼石油制品10. Coke and refined petroleum products
11.核燃料11. Nuclear fuel
12.化学品、化学制品及纤维12. Chemicals, chemical products and fibers
13.医药品13. Pharmaceuticals
14.橡胶和塑料制品14. Rubber and plastic products
15.非金属矿物制品15. Nonmetallic mineral products
16.混凝土、水泥、石灰、石膏及他16. Concrete, cement, lime, plaster and related products
17.基础金属及金属制品17. Basic metals and fabricated metal products
18.机械及设备18. Machinery and equipment
19.电子、电气及光电设备19. Electronic, electrical and optoelectronic equipment
20.造船20. Shipbuilding
21.航空、航天21. Aviation and aerospace
22.其他运输设备22. Other transport equipment
23.其他未分类的制造业23. Other manufacturing not elsewhere classified
24.废旧物资的回收24. Recycling of waste materials
25.发电及供电25. Electricity generation and supply
26.气的生产与供给26. Gas production and supply
27.水的生产与供给27. Water production and supply
28.建设28. Construction
29.批发及零售,汽车、摩托车、个人及家庭用品的修理29. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal goods and household goods
30.宾馆及餐厅30. Hotels and restaurants
31.运输、仓储及通讯31. Transport, storage and communications
32.金融、房地产、出租业务32. Finance, real estate and rental services
33.信息技术33. Information technology
34.科技服务34. Scientific and technical services
35.其他服务35. Other services
36.公共行政管理36. Public administration
37.教育37. Education
38.卫生保健与社会公益事业38. Healthcare and social welfare
39.其他社会服务39. Other social services