历史资料：日期、报道观点、资质和数据保留原发布语境，不表示当前状态。Historical archive: dates, reported views, qualifications and figures retain their original context and do not represent current status.
福岛第一核电站核泄漏事故后，日本政府思考核能前景，着手重绘国家能源战略。菅直人政府29日决定，这份定于明年正式出台的新能源战略将着眼两大改变，一是在不放弃核能的基础上减少核能份额，二是借助节能新技术减少能源需求。Following the radiation leak at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, Japan's government began reconsidering the future of nuclear energy and redrawing its national energy strategy. On the 29th, Naoto Kan's government decided that the new strategy, scheduled for formal publication next year, would focus on two changes: reducing the nuclear share without abandoning nuclear power, and lowering energy demand through new energy-saving technologies.
不弃核能Not abandoning nuclear power
共同社援引政府29日发布的新能源战略政策指导文件报道，新能源战略将减少对核能的依赖，但同时承认核电站在现有能源短缺状况下必不可少的现实。Citing the government's energy strategy policy guidance released on the 29th, Kyodo News reported that the new strategy would reduce dependence on nuclear power while recognizing that nuclear stations remained essential amid the current energy shortage.
去年6月，日本通过一份能源计划，打算在2030年前进一步提升核能份额，使核能占能源供应总量的比例由2010年的30%提升至54%。In June last year, Japan adopted an energy plan that would increase nuclear power's share of total energy supply from 30% in 2010 to 54% by 2030.
但29日出台的文件承认，政府不得不推翻去年的能源计划，纳入能源安全考虑，重新制定新战略。The document issued on the 29th, however, acknowledged that the government had to overturn last year's plan and formulate a new strategy incorporating energy security considerations.
这份文件就新能源战略提供政策指导，提出日本今后必须在不完全放弃现有核电站的基础上减少核能比例的总体思想。The document provides policy guidance for the new energy strategy, setting out the overall principle that Japan must reduce the nuclear share without completely abandoning its existing nuclear power stations.
文件说，彻底放弃核能在短期内不现实，不可行。文件指出，就短期状况而言，“3.11”大地震使日本能源供应陷入困境，如果现停堆接受检查的核反应堆在明年夏季之前不能恢复运转，日本全国电力供应将在明夏需求高峰期时短缺9.2%。The document states that abandoning nuclear power entirely would be unrealistic and unworkable in the short term. It notes that the March 11 earthquake has disrupted Japan's energy supply. If nuclear reactors currently shut down for inspections cannot resume operation before next summer, the country will face a 9.2% electricity shortfall at the summer demand peak.
降低依赖Reducing dependence
就长期而言，政策规定逐步减少对核能的依赖，但承认“如何减少”仍需讨论。For the longer term, the policy calls for gradually reducing dependence on nuclear energy, while acknowledging that how to do so still requires discussion.
“要减少国家能源供应对核电站的依赖性，我们现在就必须作出决定，如何做。这一点，需要公众广泛深入讨论，”文件说。'To reduce the dependence of the country's energy supply on nuclear power stations, we must now decide how to proceed. This requires broad and thorough public discussion,' the document says.
减少对核能的依赖对日本而言并不轻松。文件明确，“那些经论证安全可靠的核电站应当继续使用”。Reducing dependence on nuclear power will not be easy for Japan. The document makes clear that 'nuclear power stations that have been demonstrated to be safe and reliable should continue to operate.'
而且，相比传统电站或新型电站，核电成本较低。文件警告说，如果将全国的核反应堆全部停堆，改用传统或新型电站，那么日本电力供应成本将上升超过3万亿日元（约合387亿美元）。Nuclear electricity is also cheaper than power from conventional or new-generation plants. The document warns that shutting down all nuclear reactors nationwide and replacing them with conventional or new-generation plants would raise Japan's electricity supply costs by more than ¥3 trillion, approximately US$38.7 billion.
能源结构调整是长期过程，且需顺应供需关系变化不断微调。但从另一角度看，节能是能源战略中必不可少的环节。Adjusting the energy mix is a long-term process requiring continuing fine-tuning as supply and demand change. From another perspective, however, energy conservation is an indispensable part of the strategy.
节能减需Saving energy and reducing demand
这份政策文件说，为了应对能源短缺，为了将能源成本控制在最低限度，政府决定推进节能产品和节能技术，从供需关系中的“需求”入手，缓释“供应”压力。The policy document says that, to address shortages and keep energy costs as low as possible, the government has decided to promote energy-saving products and technologies, easing pressure on supply by acting on demand.
文件提及，政府计划在5年内大力推介发光二极管（led）照明设备的使用，并在全国换装“聪明电表”，以分时计价的方法迫使用户节电节能。It states that the government plans to strongly promote the use of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting within five years and replace electricity meters nationwide with smart meters, using time-of-use pricing to compel users to conserve electricity and energy.
普及化“聪明电表”后，日本计划改造现有供电网络，实现传统电网到“智能电网”的过渡。相比传统电网，“智能电网”更加高效，可按照用电需求智能调拨不同发电形式的电力资源，使电力供需优化高效运行。After smart meters become widespread, Japan plans to upgrade its existing electricity network and move from a conventional grid to a smart grid. A smart grid is more efficient, intelligently allocating electricity from different generation sources according to demand to optimize supply and demand.
另外，日本政府倡导发电和供电“分家”运作，以产生足够的竞争环境，限制能源利润。（摘自《中国LED网》）Japan's government also advocates separating electricity generation from supply operations to create sufficient competition and limit energy-sector profits. (Excerpted from China LED Network.)